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linux sistemlerin detaylı donanım bilgisini çıkarabilmek için kullanılabilecek bir kaç araç mevcut. Bunlardan birisi olan hardware Lister (lshw) gerek temiz ve okunaklı raporlar üretmesi ve raporları, text, html ve xml formatında verebilmesi sebebiyle özellikle envanter raporlaması vs. gibi işler için oldukça uygun.

lshw,  özellikle mainboard,  Bios, CPU, memory,  disk, network, cache, bus hızı gibi bilgilei detaylı olarak raporlayabiliyor, hangi bileşenlerin anakart üzerinde hangi slotlara takılı olduğunu gösterebiliyor. Üretilen raporlar text, html ya da xml olarak çıktısını verilebiliyor.

Hemen her linux dağıtımı  için pre-compiled paketleri mevcut olduğundan dolayı sisteme kurmak da çok kolay.  Kurulum ve kullanım bilgileri şu şekilde:

LSHW KURULUMU

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hardware Lister'ın, Mandriva, Gentoo, debian, ubuntu, RedHat, centos, Fedora, Slackware gibi linux dağıtımları için pre-compiled paketleri mevcut ve sanırım hemen hepsi orjinal paket depolarında mevcut.

Ben burada kısaca Redhat ve debian üzerine nasıl kurulum yapılabileceğini anlatacağım.

debian Üzerine lshw Kurulumu

Debian'ın kendi paket depolarında lshw paketi mevcut. Dolayısı ile paketi download etmenize gerek yok. Dolayısı ile apt-getile kurulumu herzamanki gibi yapabilirsiniz. Şöyle:

# apt-get install lshw

Hepsi bu. Debian kullanıyorsanız, Kullanım başlığına geçebilirsiniz.

Redhat ve Türlerine lshw Kurulumu

Redhat ve türevi dağıtımlarda, lshw rpm paketleri, orjinal paket depolarında bulunmuyor, ancak  Dag Wieers'in rpmforge isimli paket deposunda bulmak mümkün. Bu repo'yu yum'a eklemek için şu sayfadan yararlanabilirsiniz. http://www.syslogs.org/2009/03/rpmforge-yum-repository/

Depo eklemekle uğraşmak istemiyorsanız, direk kurulum için şu adımları takip edebilirsiniz:

Önce paketi download edin:

# wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/lshw/lshw-2.10-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

Şu an ki son sürüm 2.10-1 ancak yeni sürüm olup olmadığını http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/lshw/ adresinden kontrol edin.

Kurulum herzamanki gibi:

# yum localinstall lshw-2.10-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm --nogpgcheck

Paket kurulumundan sonra, lshw kullanabiliriz.

LSHW KULLANIMI

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Kullanımın çok basit. Default çıktı için komut satırına lshw yazmanız yeterli.

# lshw

Çıktı şuna benzer olacaktır.

 

cagri-homeserv
    description: Desktop Computer
    product: PROD00000000
    vendor: OEM00000
    width: 32 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.2 dmi-2.2 smp-1.4 smp
    configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop cpus=1
  *-core
       description: Motherboard
       product: nForce4 DDR: 9NPA3I / 9NPA3J / 9NPAJ-3 / 9NPA3 Ultra Series
       vendor: EPoX COMPUTER CO., LTD
       physical id: 0
       version: 1.x
       slot: �FDD
     *-firmware
          description: BIOS
          vendor: Phoenix Technologies, LTD
          physical id: 0
          version: 6.00 PG (09/23/2005)
          size: 128KiB
          capacity: 448KiB
          capabilities: isa pci pnp apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot
     *-cpu:0
          description: CPU
          product: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3200+
          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
          physical id: 3
          bus info: cpu@0
          version: 15.15.0
          slot: Socket 939
          size: 2GHz
          capacity: 3GHz
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 200MHz
          capabilities: boot fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt x86-64 3dnowext 3dnow up pni lahf_lm
        *-cache:0
             description: L1 cache
             physical id: b
             slot: Internal Cache
             size: 128KiB
             capacity: 128KiB
             capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
        *-cache:1
             description: L2 cache
             physical id: d
             slot: External Cache
             size: 512KiB
             capacity: 512KiB
             capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
     *-cpu:1 DISABLED
          description: CPU
          vendor: Unknown
          physical id: 5
          bus info: cpu@1
          version: 15.15.0
          slot: Socket 939
          size: 2GHz
          capacity: 3GHz
          clock: 200MHz
        *-cache:0
             description: L1 cache
             physical id: c
             slot: Internal Cache
             size: 128KiB
             capacity: 128KiB
             capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
        *-cache:1
             description: L2 cache
             physical id: e
             slot: External Cache
             size: 512KiB
             capacity: 512KiB
             capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
     *-memory:0
          description: System Memory
          physical id: 1e
          slot: System board or motherboard
          size: 2GiB
        *-bank:0
             description: DIMM
             physical id: 0
             slot: A0
             size: 1GiB
             width: 64 bits
        *-bank:1
             description: DIMM [empty]
             physical id: 1
             slot: A1
             width: 64 bits
        *-bank:2
             description: DIMM [empty]
             physical id: 2
             slot: A2
             width: 64 bits
        *-bank:3
             description: DIMM
             physical id: 3
             slot: A3
             size: 1GiB
             width: 64 bits
     *-memory:1 UNCLAIMED
          description: Memory controller
          product: CK804 Memory Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 4
          bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
          capabilities: ht bus_master cap_list
          configuration: latency=0
     *-isa
          description: ISA bridge
          product: CK804 ISA Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 1
          bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: isa bus_master
          configuration: latency=0
     *-serial
          description: SMBus
          product: CK804 SMBus
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 1.1
          bus info: pci@0000:00:01.1
          version: a2
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: pm cap_list
          configuration: driver=nForce2_smbus latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=i2c_nforce2
     *-usb:0
          description: USB Controller
          product: CK804 USB Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 2
          bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
          version: a2
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=ohci_hcd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
     *-usb:1
          description: USB Controller
          product: CK804 USB Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 2.1
          bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: debug pm bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=ehci_hcd
     *-multimedia
          description: Multimedia audio controller
          product: CK804 AC'97 Audio Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: f
          bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0
          version: a2
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=Intel ICH latency=0 maxlatency=5 mingnt=2 module=snd_intel8x0
     *-ide:0
          description: IDE interface
          product: CK804 IDE
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 6
          bus info: pci@0000:00:06.0
          logical name: scsi4
          logical name: scsi5
          version: a2
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list emulated
          configuration: driver=pata_amd latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
        *-disk
             description: ATA Disk
             product: Maxtor 6Y080L0
             vendor: Maxtor
             physical id: 0
             bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0
             logical name: /dev/sdb
             version: YAR4
             serial: Y25E9W8C
             size: 76GiB (81GB)
             capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
             configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=2e7ba9ec
           *-volume:0
                description: EXT3 volume
                vendor: Linux
                physical id: 1
                bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0,1
                logical name: /dev/sdb1
                logical name: /
                version: 1.0
                serial: 4833e58b-0056-4a17-b45d-b90cf552336d
                size: 73GiB
                capacity: 73GiB
                capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files ext3 ext2 initialized
                configuration: created=2009-04-20 02:14:10 filesystem=ext3 modified=2009-08-22 07:14:08 mount.fstype=ext3 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2009-08-21 23:52:33 state=mounted
           *-volume:1
                description: Extended partition
                physical id: 2
                bus info: scsi@4:0.1.0,2
                logical name: /dev/sdb2
                size: 3223MiB
                capacity: 3223MiB
                capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
              *-logicalvolume
                   description: Linux swap / Solaris partition
                   physical id: 5
                   logical name: /dev/sdb5
                   capacity: 3223MiB
                   capabilities: nofs
        *-cdrom
             description: DVD reader
             product: CDRW/DVD CB1100B
             vendor: _NEC
             physical id: 1
             bus info: scsi@5:0.1.0
             logical name: /dev/cdrom
             logical name: /dev/cdrw
             logical name: /dev/dvd
             logical name: /dev/scd0
             logical name: /dev/sr0
             version: NS00
             capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd
             configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
     *-ide:1
          description: IDE interface
          product: CK804 Serial ATA Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 7
          bus info: pci@0000:00:07.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=sata_nv
     *-ide:2
          description: IDE interface
          product: CK804 Serial ATA Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 8
          bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0
          logical name: scsi2
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list emulated
          configuration: driver=sata_nv latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3 module=sata_nv
        *-disk
             description: ATA Disk
             product: ST3250823AS
             vendor: Seagate
             physical id: 0.0.0
             bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
             logical name: /dev/sda
             version: 3.03
             serial: 3ND2695E
             size: 232GiB (250GB)
             capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
             configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=e412e412
           *-volume:0
                description: Windows NTFS volume
                physical id: 1
                bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
                logical name: /dev/sda1
                version: 3.1
                serial: 1eb21440-63d5-624c-9152-1d375cf57400
                size: 14GiB
                capacity: 14GiB
                capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized
                configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2008-01-18 18:39:36 filesystem=ntfs state=clean
           *-volume:1
                description: Extended partition
                physical id: 2
                bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,2
                logical name: /dev/sda2
                size: 218GiB
                capacity: 218GiB
                capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended
              *-logicalvolume:0
                   description: HPFS/NTFS partition
                   physical id: 5
                   logical name: /dev/sda5
                   capacity: 48GiB
              *-logicalvolume:1
                   description: HPFS/NTFS partition
                   physical id: 6
                   logical name: /dev/sda6
                   capacity: 169GiB
     *-pci:0
          description: PCI bridge
          product: CK804 PCI Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: 9
          bus info: pci@0000:00:09.0
          version: a2
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: pci bus_master
        *-network DISABLED
             description: Wireless interface
             product: Atheros AR5001X+ Wireless Network Adapter
             vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.
             physical id: 5
             bus info: pci@0000:01:05.0
             logical name: wmaster0
             version: 01
             serial: 00:15:e9:2c:c0:f2
             width: 32 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless
             configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath5k_pci latency=168 maxlatency=28 mingnt=10 module=ath5k multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg
     *-bridge
          description: Ethernet interface
          product: CK804 Ethernet Controller
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: a
          bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.0
          logical name: eth0
          version: a3
          serial: 00:04:61:a1:89:ce
          size: 100000000
          capacity: 1000000000
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 66MHz
          capabilities: bridge pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
          configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=forcedeth driverversion=0.61 duplex=full ip=10.0.0.4 latency=0 link=yes maxlatency=20 mingnt=1 module=forcedeth multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s
     *-pci:1
          description: PCI bridge
          product: CK804 PCIE Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: b
          bus info: pci@0000:00:0b.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=pcieport-driver
     *-pci:2
          description: PCI bridge
          product: CK804 PCIE Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: c
          bus info: pci@0000:00:0c.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=pcieport-driver
     *-pci:3
          description: PCI bridge
          product: CK804 PCIE Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: d
          bus info: pci@0000:00:0d.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=pcieport-driver
     *-pci:4
          description: PCI bridge
          product: CK804 PCIE Bridge
          vendor: nVidia Corporation
          physical id: e
          bus info: pci@0000:00:0e.0
          version: a3
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          capabilities: pci pm msi ht pciexpress bus_master cap_list
          configuration: driver=pcieport-driver
        *-display
             description: VGA compatible controller
             product: NV43 [GeForce 6600]
             vendor: nVidia Corporation
             physical id: 0
             bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0
             version: a2
             width: 64 bits
             clock: 33MHz
             capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
             configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0 module=nvidia
     *-pci:5
          description: Host bridge
          product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration
          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
          physical id: 100
          bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
          version: 00
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
     *-pci:6
          description: Host bridge
          product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map
          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
          physical id: 101
          bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
          version: 00
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
     *-pci:7
          description: Host bridge
          product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller
          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
          physical id: 102
          bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
          version: 00
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
     *-pci:8
          description: Host bridge
          product: K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control
          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
          physical id: 103
          bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
          version: 00
          width: 32 bits
          clock: 33MHz
          configuration: driver=k8temp module=k8temp
  *-network DISABLED
       description: Ethernet interface
       physical id: 1
       logical name: pan0
       serial: ee:bf:46:7e:2b:7d
       capabilities: ethernet physical
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=bridge driverversion=2.3 firmware=N/A link=yes multicast=yes

Görüldüğü gibi rapor ağaç şeklinde bir hiyerarşi ile veriliyor. Bundan dolayı nerede ne var görmek epey kolay.

Ayrıca, çıktıyı txt, html ya da xml olarak almak ve bir dosyaya yazmak da mümkün. Mesela, html olarak çıktı almak için şu şekilde bir komut kullanılabilir.

# lshw -html > donanim.html

Html çıktısının bir örneğini buraya tıklayarak görebilirsiniz.

Sonuç olarak lshw temiz raporlar üretmesinden dolayı çok kullanışlı bir programdır. Belki sizin de işinize yarar. lshw hakkında daha fazla bilgi almak için aşağıdaki linke göz atabilirsiniz.

Kaynak:
http://ezix.org/project/wiki/HardwareLiSter